Dachshund | Overview, Description, Temperament, & Facts (2024)

breed of dog

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  • dachshund - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
  • dachshund - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

Also known as: Doxie, sausage dog, wiener dog

Written by

Caroline Coile Caroline Coile is the author of the Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds and more than 30 other books.

Caroline Coile

Fact-checked by

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Article History

smooth-coated Dachshund

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German:
“badger dog”
Related Topics:
hound
On the Web:
WebMD - What to Know About Dachshunds (July 30, 2024)

See all related content →

Dachshund, dog breed of hound and terrier ancestry developed in Germany to pursue badgers into their burrows. The Dachshund is a long-bodied, characteristically lively dog with a deep chest, short legs, tapering muzzle, and long ears. Usually reddish brown or black-and-tan, it is bred in two sizes—standard and miniature—and in three coat types—smooth, longhaired, and wirehaired. The standard Dachshund stands about 8 to 9 inches (20 to 23 cm) tall at the withers and weighs 16 to 32 pounds (7 to 14.5 kg). The miniature is shorter and weighs no more than 11 pounds (5 kg).

Dachshund breed facts
other names Doxie, Wiener dog, Sausage dog
area of origin Germany
breed group hound
height at withers miniature: 5–6 inches (13–15 cm); standard: 8–9 inches (20–23 cm)
weight miniature: up to 11 pounds (5 kg); standard: 16–32 pounds (7–15 kg)
life span 12–16 years
Did you know? The word Dachshund means “badger dog” in German; the dog was originally bred to hunt that animal. According to some accounts, one of the original names for the sausage known as a hot dog was “Dachshund sausage” because of its resemblance to the long, low-slung canines. Dachshunds have been the prized pets of Andy Warhol, Queen Victoria, and Joan Crawford. Pablo Picasso was particularly fond of a Dachshund named Lump, who appears in his reinterpretations of Diego Velázquez’s Las meninas.

Care and upkeep

The Dachshund requires a chance to run, sniff, and investigate daily, preferably in a fenced yard supplemented with leash walks. A miniature longhair variety is perhaps better suited for apartment living—as long as daily walks are included—but other miniature varieties might also do well in that environment. Because of its independent nature and tendency to follow scent trails, a Dachshund should not be let off leash in unfenced areas. Dachshunds enjoy a variety of games, including chasing (but not necessarily returning) balls. They especially love sports that test a dog’s hunting abilities, such as the barn hunt. In addition, many enjoy racing events such as “wiener dog” competitions.

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Coat care for the smooth variety requires only occasional brushing to remove dead hair. The longhair variety should be combed once or twice weekly. The wirehaired coat needs the most care, with weekly combing and occasional stripping (pulling dead hair out by hand).

The Dachshund is prone to intervertebral disk disease (IVDD), a condition in which the cushioning disks between the vertebrae bulge or burst, resulting in pain and even paralysis. In the early 21st century, researchers found a genetic component to IVDD. A mutation in short-legged dogs causes the disks to harden, which can eventually result in herniated disks. Almost all Dachshunds are hom*ozygous for the responsible genes, rendering them at risk for IVDD. It is as yet unknown why some develop it and others do not. However, as a precaution, Dachshunds should avoid movements that place stress on the back. In particular, they should not jump on or off furniture or run up or down stairs. Sideways or twisting torque of the spinal column should also be limited. Furthermore, preventing obesity is important, and Dachshunds should have active lives.

Temperament

The Dachshund was bred to confront badgers in an enclosed space underground. As such, it can be fearless, relentless, and even reckless—more terrier-like in disposition than hound-like. However, its hound heritage entices it to follow animal scent trails when it comes across them, and it may ignore pleas to return. This is an independent breed that enjoys challenges. It is energetic and fairly playful. Given sufficient exercise, Dachshunds can be quiet house dogs and sofa companions. At times stubborn, the breed can be difficult to train, but it responds well to rewards. It is generally not trustworthy around small rodent pets. While affectionate toward its family, a Dachshund tends to be aloof with strangers. It is an excellent watchdog and often attempts to be a protection dog, but its size makes the latter endeavour only partially successful. Some may bark a great deal. The Dachshund is an excellent companion for people of all ages but may not be welcoming to visitors and unfamiliar children.

There are exceptions to this general description. The wirehaired variety tends to be even more terrier-like—that is, more brash and feisty. The longhaired variety is generally less terrier-like and is considered more docile and affectionate. Miniatures are more likely to be timid, although that is still uncommon.

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It should be noted that these claims are a traditional and widely accepted generalization about the breed, and the behaviour of individual Dachshunds may differ.

Caroline Coile The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Dachshund | Overview, Description, Temperament, & Facts (2024)

FAQs

Dachshund | Overview, Description, Temperament, & Facts? ›

Given sufficient exercise, Dachshunds can be quiet house dogs and sofa companions. At times stubborn, the breed can be difficult to train, but it responds well to rewards. It is generally not trustworthy around small rodent pets. While affectionate toward its family, a Dachshund tends to be aloof with strangers.

What is the behavior and temperament of a Dachshund? ›

Dachshunds are generally even-tempered and affectionate, which combined with their smaller size makes them an ideal companion for children. However, they can be vocal and snappy if play gets too boisterous so they're usually better suited to slightly older children.

What is the description of a Dachshund? ›

The Dachshund, affectionately called the Wiener Dog, Sausage Dog, and Doxie, is a small German scenthound with short legs and an elongated body first bred to hunt tunneling animals like rabbits or foxes.

What is the breed standard temperament of a Dachshund? ›

Hardy, vigorous, tireless, alert and responsive. Often described as "half-a-dog high and a dog-and-a-half long". Excellent hunting dog for small ground game. He should be clever, lively, and courageous to the point of rashness, persevering in his work, both above and below the ground.

What do Dachshunds love the most? ›

In fact, the Doxie loves to run! Dachshunds also enjoy digging (remember the big paws!), so play that incorporates his need to dig is excellent for the Dachshund! Always remember that the Doxie likes to be the center of attention, and they crave praise for a job well done!

What are the behavioral problems with Dachshunds? ›

They are more likely to be submissive piddlers. They are more likely to suffer from Noise/Thunderstorm Fear. They are more likely to be nervous and fearful of people (but only 1 in 10 is aggressive with people, at least sometimes)

Do Dachshunds get attached to one person? ›

Dachshunds are lively, playful, and clever. They have a reputation for being on the stubborn side, too. Fiercely loyal, this popular breed often bonds very closely with just one person and can get jealous easily and become lonely if not given enough attention by the object of their affection.

What is an interesting fact about Dachshunds? ›

The name “Dachshund” is actually German for “badger dog.” Dachshunds' short legs keep them low to the ground to track scents, and their narrow bodies allow them to crawl into burrows, looking for badgers. Despite their small size, Dachshunds are brave and fierce.

What is the life expectancy of a Dachshund? ›

Doxies come in two sizes: standard or miniature, and three coat varieties: smooth, wirehaired, and longhaired. Dachshunds are protective and territorial, but they thrive on close human companionship. The Dachshund is a generally healthy breed with an average lifespan of 12-15 years.

Do Dachshunds bark a lot? ›

The primary reason for their excessive barking is that these little weiner dogs were originally hunting dogs. Thus, Doxies are more prone to barking than other breeds. Bred to be expert chasers, diggers, and barkers, Dachshunds haven't lost their hunting touch. During hunts, their keen senses helped them track prey.

Do Dachshunds like to cuddle? ›

Do Dachshunds like to cuddle? Loyal to their owners, Dachshunds love to snuggle up to their owners. They are also very protective of their owners, so don't be surprised if they end up following you around the house.

What type of Dachshund is the calmest? ›

Dachshund hair can be smooth and short, long, or wiry. They also show a difference in temperament based on the characteristics of their coat. Because the wire-haired Dachshunds have terrier in their lineage, they're often less calm than their long-haired cousins, who are the quietest and calmest of the three types.

Which is better, male or female Dachshund? ›

Male Dachshunds are more fun-loving, clownish, even-tempered and dependent. While female Dachshunds tend to be more independent, temperamental and reserved. But there are plenty of Dachshund owners who would say their dogs are the opposite of this! Every Dachshund has their own personality.

What calms Dachshunds? ›

Tips for Calming Your Dog Naturally
  • Create and Maintain a Consistent Schedule. ...
  • Play Music or White Noise. ...
  • Dress Them in a Thundershirt. ...
  • Exercise And Playtime Are Important. ...
  • Keep Your Dog Mentally Stimulated. ...
  • Try Pheromones. ...
  • Groom Your Dog. ...
  • Give Them Natural Supplements.
May 8, 2023

What are the pros and cons of Dachshunds? ›

While loved for its bold personality, the dachshund may have a tendency to be stubborn, protective, and defensive. Many dachshunds are also known for their tendency to bark. Proper obedience training can turn these potential problems into beneficial qualities. Dachshunds can be difficult to housebreak.

Are Dachshunds emotional dogs? ›

They Are Friendly and Affectionate Dogs

They adore being close to their humans and will always be nearby for a snuggle. Their propensity for affection makes them brilliant emotional support animals and great service animals for those with psychiatric disabilities like anxiety and depression.

Are Dachshunds prone to problems? ›

Dachshunds are also prone to disorders that impact their mobility, such as IVDD and orthopedic conditions. These conditions make it harder for your dog to move, which leads to weight gain. It's important to have your veterinarian examine and weigh your Dachshund a few times a year to ensure they remain healthy.

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